It is now 1-1/2 years since Betsy has had her baby, a daughter named Jessie. She has scheduled Jessie's 18-month well-baby checkup with a group of healthcare providers. This is Jessie's first visit to your clinic as her family has been using a healthcare facility closer to their home.

Prior to beginning your oral examination, a risk assessment should be made of Jessie by asking her mother the following questions:

Are you brushing Jessie's teeth on a regular basis?

Betsy responds that she is brushing Jessie's teeth on an infrequent basis, usually once every 2-3 days. She further states that it is hard to hold Jessie when she tries to brush her teeth, so she doesn't like to do it too often. Upon further questioning, you determine she is not using a fluoride toothpaste when she does brush Jessies' teeth.